12/5〜16の２週間、修士村中くん、石山さんが、先天研の方々とともにGöttingen大学を訪問しました。
Blechschmidt collectionという有名なヒト胚子コレクションに収められているガラススライド標本をデジタル画像に収めて来ました。今後、研究に活用する予定です。
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 本研究室で行われているヒト胚子・胎児研究についてまとめた総説がAnatomical Recに掲載されました。 幅広い発達期間をカバーする大規模で高解像度なデジタルデータセットの確立し、そのメリットを活かした研究展開を示しました。デジタルデータのメリット、それを活かした展開として
器官形成時の動的で複雑なプロセスの解析、正確な形態学的データの提供への寄与が期待されます。 30. Takakuwa T, 3D analysis of human embryos and fetuses using digitized datasets from the Kyoto Collection, Anat Rec 2018, 301,960-969 doi: 10.1002/ar.23784 (英文で読む） ABSTRACTThree-dimensional (3D) analysis of the human embryonic and early-fetal period has been performed using digitized datasets obtained from the Kyoto Collection, in which the digital datasets play a primary role in research. Datasets include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired with 1.5 T, 2.35 T, and 7 T magnet systems, phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (CT), and digitized histological serial sections. Large, high-resolution datasets covering a broad range of developmental periods obtained with various methods of acquisition are key elements for the studies. The digital data have gross merits that enabled us to develop various analysis. Digital data analysis accelerated the speed of morphological observations using precise and improved methods by providing a suitable plane for a morphometric analysis from staged human embryos. Morphometric data are useful for quantitatively evaluating and demonstrating the features of development and for screening abnormal samples, which may be suggestive in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations. Morphometric data are also valuable for comparing sonographic data in a process known as “sonoembryology.” The 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks may be useful tools for analyzing the positional change of interesting landmarks and their relationships during development. Several dynamic events could be explained by differential growth using 3D coordinates. Moreover, 3D coordinates can be utilized in mathematical analysis as well as statistical analysis. The 3D analysis in our study may serve to provide accurate morphologic data, including the dynamics of embryonic structures related to developmental stages, which is required for insights into the dynamic and complex processes occurring during organogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:960–969, 2018.  尾関さんの修士論文のうち、中耳耳小骨の形成と外耳、内耳との立体的位置関係についてAnat Recに掲載されました。 MEO の形成と外耳と内耳の接続のタイムラインを決定しました。
26. Ozeki-Satoh M, Ishikawa A, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Takakuwa T. Morphogenesis of the Middle Ear Ossicles and Spatial Relationships with the External and Inner Ears during the Embryonic Period, Anat Rec 299:1325–1337, 2016, DOI 10.1002/ar.23457 AbstractWe describe the three-dimensional morphogenesis of the middle ear ossicles (MEOs) according to Carnegie stage (CS) in human embryos. Seventeen samples including 33 MEOs from CS18 to 23 were selected from the Kyoto Collection. The primordia of the MEOs and related structures were histologically observed and three-dimensionally reconstructed from digital images. The timing of chondrogenesis was variable among structures. The stapes was recognizable as a vague condensation of the mesenchymal cells in all samples from CS18, whereas the malleus and incus were recognizable at CS19. Chondrogenesis of all MEOs was evident in all samples after CS21. The chondrocranium was recognizable in all samples by CS18, and the perichondrium border of the auricular cartilage and otic capsule was distinct in all samples at CS23. At CS19, the MEOs were positioned in the anterior to posterior direction, following the order malleus, incus, stapes, which adjusted gradually during development. The MEOs connected in all samples after CS22. The stapes was located close to the vestibular part of the inner ear, although the basal part was not differentiated into the “footplate” form, even at CS23. The handles of the malleus were close to the tubotympanic recess at CS23, but were distant from the external auditory meatus. Determining the timeline of the formation of MEOs and connection of the external and inner ears can be informative for understanding hearing loss caused by failure of this connection. These data may provide a useful standard for morphogenesis, and will contribute to distinguishing between normal and abnormal MEO development. 今年度の研究科横断型プログラム、次世代医療を語る -再生医療の実用化に向けて-(後期水曜5限）の概要が決定しました。 ※ 京都大学オープンコースウェアに収録済みです。御覧ください。 OCW_2016次世代医療を語る -再生医療の実用化に向けて（外部） 開講時間：16時30分～18時（5限目） 【カテゴリーA:再生医学の基礎】 第二回 (10月12日) ヒトiPS細胞の樹立とその有用性 第三回 (10月19日) 神経堤細胞と運動器再生 【カテゴリーB:再生医療の臨床応用】 第五回 (11月2日) 心臓再生 第六回 (11月9日) 骨格筋再生医療の実現化に向けて 【カテゴリーC:再生医療の実施】 第八回 (11月30日) 再生医療にかかる規制 第九回 (12月7日) CPCの運営 【カテゴリーD:再生医療の産業応用】 第十一回（12月21日） 再生医療・細胞医薬の事業化に向けた取り組み 【カテゴリーE:再生医療の普及】 第十三回 (1月18日) 日本発の細胞治療・再生医療のための技術経営 第十四回 (1月25日) ファンドレイジングを通じた再生医療への市民参加  ヒトのWillis輪の形成についての論文がCongenitAnomに掲載されました。
25. Takakuwa T, Koike T, Muranaka T, Yamada S, Uwabe C. 2016. Formation of the circle of Willis during human embryonic development. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56, 233–236, DOI: 10.1111/cga.12165 AbstractThe circle of Willis (CW) is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and adjacent structures. We examined the timing of formation of CW in 20 Japanese human embryo samples by using 3-dimensional reconstruction of serial histological sections. The CW was closed in 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 8), 2 (n = 3) and 2 (n = 3) samples at Carnegie stages 20, 21, 22, and 23, respectively. The CW was unclosed in 13 samples (unclosed at ACOM alone, 6 samples; ACOM and bilateral P1, 4; left PCOM and right P1, 1; right PCOM and right P1, 1; ACOM and left PCOM, 1). It was difficult to predict whether the circle would close during further development, as such variations frequently exist in adults.
大変有意義な議論ができました。
第56回日本先天異常学会(2016/7/29-31)にて、白石さんが「2016年度日本先天異常学会奨励賞」を受賞しました。 「ヒト胚子期における脳形成の形態計測学的解析」 MRIdataを用いてヒト胚子期の脳形成を立体的に観察、計測しました。(Neuroimage 2015) 、修士終了後もデータの整理、論文作成を継続し、成果に結びつけました。おめでとうございます。 ３題のポスター発表を行いました。 石山 華、山田 重人、上部千賀子、米山 明男、武田 徹、今井 宏彦、松田 哲也、高桑 徹也：ヒト後腎形態形成の 3 次元的解析 村中 太河、山田 重人、上部千賀子、米山 明男、武田 徹、 巻島 美幸、高桑 徹也：ヒト胚子期における気管支分岐形成の三次元的、数理的解析
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