2016年度卒業研究発表会が行われました。
質疑応答も含め大変よくできました。晴れて卒業です。
ヒト胚子期～胎児期初期の大腿骨、髄腔の形態形成 鈴木裕子
ヒト胚子期後期におけるWillis輪の形態の多様性 古市華菜
高解像度MRI・DTIを用いたヒト胎児心筋の走行 西谷早織
ヒト胎児期初期～中期における中耳形成の三次元的解析 大槻咲愛
ヒト胚子期、胎児期初期における上気道、口腔の形態形成 尾脇なつみ
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 吉田さんの卒論がCongenit Anomに掲載されました。胎児の脳溝形成の様子をGyrification Indexを用いて解析しました。また、同号の表紙に、論文のFigureが採用されました。
 Gyrification index (GI) of brain slices in a left lateral view of the brain in a 1409g fetus. The line graph above the brain shows the GI of each slice below it. The GI of the whole hemisphere changed in the rostro-caudal dimension. Several maxima of the GI curve appeared in relation to gross landmarks. Further details can be seen in the article by Yoshida et al. in this issue. 27. Yoshida R, Koichi Ishizu K, Yamada S, Chigako Uwabe C, Okada T, Togashi K, Takakuwa T, The dynamics of gyrification in the human cerebral cortex during development, Congenit Anom, 57 (1) 8-14, 2017, DOI: 10.1111/cga.12179, 10.1111/cga.12181 AbstractThis study quantitatively characterized cortical gyrus folding over human neocortical development by calculating the gyrification index (GI) in 22 human fetal specimens from 16 to 40 weeks with magnetic resonance imaging data. GI values remained constant at approximately 1.0 until the fetal specimens reached 500 g body weight and 200 mm crown-rump length (CRL), respectively, and then increased in correlation with the body weight and CRL. The rostrocaudal GI distribution in the cerebral cortex revealed a correspondence of GI peaks with indentations of early-generated primary sulci at 21 weeks of gestation and more frequently increased GI values in the parieto-occipital region than in the fronto-temporal region at 31 and 40 weeks of gestation. These results provide a quantitative reference set for gyrification in normal human cortical development, which may help reveal the mechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders. 12/5〜16の２週間、修士村中くん、石山さんが、先天研の方々とともにGöttingen大学を訪問しました。 Blechschmidt collectionという有名なヒト胚子コレクションに収められているガラススライド標本をデジタル画像に収めて来ました。今後、研究に活用する予定です。
 本研究室で行われているヒト胚子・胎児研究についてまとめた総説がAnatomical Recに掲載されました。 幅広い発達期間をカバーする大規模で高解像度なデジタルデータセットの確立し、そのメリットを活かした研究展開を示しました。デジタルデータのメリット、それを活かした展開として
器官形成時の動的で複雑なプロセスの解析、正確な形態学的データの提供への寄与が期待されます。 30. Takakuwa T, 3D analysis of human embryos and fetuses using digitized datasets from the Kyoto Collection, Anat Rec 2018, 301,960-969 doi: 10.1002/ar.23784 (英文で読む） ABSTRACTThree-dimensional (3D) analysis of the human embryonic and early-fetal period has been performed using digitized datasets obtained from the Kyoto Collection, in which the digital datasets play a primary role in research. Datasets include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired with 1.5 T, 2.35 T, and 7 T magnet systems, phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (CT), and digitized histological serial sections. Large, high-resolution datasets covering a broad range of developmental periods obtained with various methods of acquisition are key elements for the studies. The digital data have gross merits that enabled us to develop various analysis. Digital data analysis accelerated the speed of morphological observations using precise and improved methods by providing a suitable plane for a morphometric analysis from staged human embryos. Morphometric data are useful for quantitatively evaluating and demonstrating the features of development and for screening abnormal samples, which may be suggestive in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations. Morphometric data are also valuable for comparing sonographic data in a process known as “sonoembryology.” The 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks may be useful tools for analyzing the positional change of interesting landmarks and their relationships during development. Several dynamic events could be explained by differential growth using 3D coordinates. Moreover, 3D coordinates can be utilized in mathematical analysis as well as statistical analysis. The 3D analysis in our study may serve to provide accurate morphologic data, including the dynamics of embryonic structures related to developmental stages, which is required for insights into the dynamic and complex processes occurring during organogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:960–969, 2018.  尾関さんの修士論文のうち、中耳耳小骨の形成と外耳、内耳との立体的位置関係についてAnat Recに掲載されました。 MEO の形成と外耳と内耳の接続のタイムラインを決定しました。
26. Ozeki-Satoh M, Ishikawa A, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Takakuwa T. Morphogenesis of the Middle Ear Ossicles and Spatial Relationships with the External and Inner Ears during the Embryonic Period, Anat Rec 299:1325–1337, 2016, DOI 10.1002/ar.23457 AbstractWe describe the three-dimensional morphogenesis of the middle ear ossicles (MEOs) according to Carnegie stage (CS) in human embryos. Seventeen samples including 33 MEOs from CS18 to 23 were selected from the Kyoto Collection. The primordia of the MEOs and related structures were histologically observed and three-dimensionally reconstructed from digital images. The timing of chondrogenesis was variable among structures. The stapes was recognizable as a vague condensation of the mesenchymal cells in all samples from CS18, whereas the malleus and incus were recognizable at CS19. Chondrogenesis of all MEOs was evident in all samples after CS21. The chondrocranium was recognizable in all samples by CS18, and the perichondrium border of the auricular cartilage and otic capsule was distinct in all samples at CS23. At CS19, the MEOs were positioned in the anterior to posterior direction, following the order malleus, incus, stapes, which adjusted gradually during development. The MEOs connected in all samples after CS22. The stapes was located close to the vestibular part of the inner ear, although the basal part was not differentiated into the “footplate” form, even at CS23. The handles of the malleus were close to the tubotympanic recess at CS23, but were distant from the external auditory meatus. Determining the timeline of the formation of MEOs and connection of the external and inner ears can be informative for understanding hearing loss caused by failure of this connection. These data may provide a useful standard for morphogenesis, and will contribute to distinguishing between normal and abnormal MEO development.  ヒトのWillis輪の形成についての論文がCongenitAnomに掲載されました。
25. Takakuwa T, Koike T, Muranaka T, Yamada S, Uwabe C. 2016. Formation of the circle of Willis during human embryonic development. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56, 233–236, DOI: 10.1111/cga.12165 AbstractThe circle of Willis (CW) is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and adjacent structures. We examined the timing of formation of CW in 20 Japanese human embryo samples by using 3-dimensional reconstruction of serial histological sections. The CW was closed in 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 8), 2 (n = 3) and 2 (n = 3) samples at Carnegie stages 20, 21, 22, and 23, respectively. The CW was unclosed in 13 samples (unclosed at ACOM alone, 6 samples; ACOM and bilateral P1, 4; left PCOM and right P1, 1; right PCOM and right P1, 1; ACOM and left PCOM, 1). It was difficult to predict whether the circle would close during further development, as such variations frequently exist in adults.
大変有意義な議論ができました。 |
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