平成27年度 新学術領域研究「多元計算解剖学」シンポジウム (2015.4.30:東京大学)で発表しました。
ヒト器官形成期において分岐構造を有する器官の3次元分枝パターンを解析する
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 中島君、片山さん、白石くんの3人の学生や、多くのOffice Assistantの協力を得て、6年かけて解析した論文「ヒト胚子期における脳形態形成」がNeuroimageに受諾されました。また、SupplyのビデオはData in Briefに、3D元データの一部はMorphoMに掲載されました。
13. Shiraishi N, Katayama A, Nakashima T, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Kose K, Takakuwa T, Morphology and morphometry of the human embryonic brain: A three-dimensional analysis, NeuroImage, 2015, 115, 96-103, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.044, (概要), [OpenAccess] 12. Shiraishi N, Katayama A, Nakashima T, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Kose K, Takakuwa T, Three-dimensional morphology of the human embryonic brain, Data in Brief, 2015, 4, 116-118, 10.1016/j.dib.2015.05.001 [OpenAccess] 15. Shiraishi N, Katayama A, Nakashima T, Shiraki N, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Kose K, Takakuwa T, 3D model related to the publication: Morphology of the human embryonic brain and ventricles, MorphoMuseuM 1 (3)-e3. doi: 10.18563/m3.1.3.e3. [OpenAccess] AbstractThe three-dimensional dynamics and morphology of the human embryonic brain have not been previously analyzed using modern imaging techniques. The morphogenesis of the cerebral vesicles and ventricles was analyzed using images derived from human embryo specimens from the Kyoto Collection, which were acquired with a magnetic resonance microscope equipped with a 2.35-T superconducting magnet. A total of 101 embryos between Carnegie stages (CS) 13 and 23, without apparent morphological damage or torsion in the brain ventricles and axes, were studied. To estimate the uneven development of the cerebral vesicles, the volumes of the whole embryo and brain, prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon with their respective ventricles were measured using image analyzing Amira™ software. The brain volume, excluding the ventricles (brain tissue), was 1.15 ± 0.43 mm3 (mean ± SD) at CS13 and increased exponentially to 189.10 ± 36.91 mm3 at CS23, a 164.4-fold increase, which is consistent with the observed morphological changes. The mean volume of the prosencephalon was 0.26 ± 0.15 mm3 at CS13. The volume increased exponentially until CS23, when it reached 110.99 ± 27.58 mm3. The mean volumes of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were 0.20 ± 0.07 mm3 and 0.69 ± 0.23 mm3 at CS13, respectively; the volumes reached 21.86 ± 3.30 mm3 and 56.45 ± 7.64 mm3 at CS23, respectively. The ratio of the cerebellum to the rhombencephalon was approximately 7.2% at CS20, and increased to 12.8% at CS23. The ratio of the volume of the cerebral vesicles to that of the whole embryo remained nearly constant between CS15 and CS23 (11.6–15.5%). The non-uniform thickness of the brain tissue during development, which may indicate the differentiation of the brain, was visualized with surface color mapping by thickness. At CS23, the basal regions of the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon were thicker than the corresponding dorsal regions. The brain was further studied by the serial digital subtraction of layers of tissue from both the external and internal surfaces to visualize the core region (COR) of the thickening brain tissue. The COR, associated with the development of nuclei, became apparent after CS16; this was particularly visible in the prosencephalon. The anatomical positions of the COR were mostly consistent with the formation of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pyramidal tract. This was confirmed through comparisons with serial histological sections of the human embryonic brain. The approach used in this study may be suitable as a convenient alternative method for estimating the development and differentiation of the neural ganglia and tracts. These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain and cerebral ventricle development. HighlightsThree-dimensional morphogenesis of the human embryonic brain was presented from MRI.• The volume of three brain vesicles and ventricles were measured at 101 embryos.• The brain volume exponentially increased 164.4-fold from Carnegie stage 13 to 23.• The volume ratio of the brain to whole embryo remained nearly constant.• The non-uniform thickness of the brain tissue during development was 3D visualized.  遠藤さんの卒業論文「ヒト胚子脾臓の形態形成」がAnat Recに掲載されました。 脾臓は、左上腹部の胃の後方に位置する腹腔内の代表的な器官です。脾臓は成人では。成人の脾臓の主な役割は、血液の濾過・不要な物質の除去と免疫系としてのリンパ球の産生です。ヒトにおける初期発生過程はこれまでほとんど知られていませんでした。本研究では、脾臓の形態形成、および脾臓内外の血管の形成過程についてCarnegie stageごとに記載しました。 
11.Endo A, Ueno S, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Takakuwa T, Morphogenesis of the spleen during the human embryonic period, Anatomical Rec, 2015, 298, 820-826, doi: 10.1002/ar.23099 ABSTRACTWe aimed to observe morphological changes in the spleen from the emergence of the primordium to the end of the embryonic period using histological serial sections of 228 samples. Between Carnegie stages (CSs) 14 and 17, the spleen was usually recognized as a bulge in the dorsal mesogastrium (DM), and after CS 20, the spleen became apparent. Intrasplenic folds were observed later. A high-density area was first recognized in 6 of the 58 cases at CS 16 and in all cases examined after CS 18. The spleen was recognized neither as a bulge nor as a high-density area at CS 13. The mesothelium was pseudostratified until CS 16 and was replaced with high columnar cells and then with low columnar cells. The basement membrane was obvious after CS 17. The mesenchymal cells differentiated from cells in the DM, and sinus formation started at CS 20. Hematopoietic cells were detected after CS 18. The vessels were observed at CS 14 in the DM. Hilus formation was observed after CS 20. The parallel entries of the arteries and veins were observed at CS 23. The rate of increase in spleen length in relation to that of stomach length along the cranial-caudal direction was 0.51 ± 0.11, which remained constant during CSs 19 and 23, indicating that their growths were similar. These data may help to better understand the development of normal human embryos and to detect abnormal embryos in the early stages of development. 竹谷さんの卒業論文が、 Congenital Anomalies 55巻(2015)に掲載されました。 本論文の内容は第104回日本病理学会総会で発表しました。
 Taketani K, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Okada T, Togash K, Takakuwa T, Morphological features and length measurements of fetal lateral ventricles at 16–25 weeks of gestation by magnetic resonance imaging, Congenit Anom (Kyoto), 2015, 55, 99-102. doi: 10.1111/cga.12076 AbstractNormal growth of the lateral ventricles (LVs) was characterized three-dimensionally using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 16 human fetuses at 16–25 weeks of gestation. The LV was differentiated into four primary regions, the anterior horn, central parts, posterior horn, and inferior horn, at 16 weeks of gestation. The LV changed shape mainly by elongation and narrowing, which corresponded to the external and internal growth of the surrounding cerebrum. Six length parameters measured in the LV correlated with biparietal diameter by simple regression analysis (R2 range, 0.56–0.93), which may be valuable for establishing a standardized prenatal protocol to assess fetal well-being and development across intrauterine periods. No correlation was found between biparietal diameter and LV volume (R2 = 0.13). 第5回放射光イメージング研究会 (3/20, 東京)で金橋くん（研究協力員）が発表しました。 ヒト胚子期における肝臓形態形成異常の解析 位相CT等の放射光を用いて様々なイメージングを行っている方々の集まりです。
3/20から開設された日本科学未来館(東京都江東区）「生命」コーナーにヒト胚子立体像が常設されました(５年間の予定）上記展示に監修者として、協力しました。 新規展示、「細胞たち研究開発中」では、iPS細胞の発見にはじまった細胞生物学から、発生、再生医療、といった新たな研究の流れを魅力的に紹介しています。
次年度から分担研究者として参加する基盤研究(S)ヒト脳の形態形成から行動生成に至る発達のダイナミクスの研究会議に参加しました。分野の異なる先生の集まりで、なかなか面白い会議でした。
(第28回日本軟骨代謝学会 (H27.3.6-7)、東京)が優秀演題賞に選出されました。当日は、質疑応答も含め、立派な出来栄えでした。おめでとうございます。 |
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「Episcopic fluorescence image captureを用いたラット膝関節腔発生の三次元的解析」高石 亮太、青山 朋樹、張 項凱、樋口 真也、山田 重人、高桑 徹也